![]() However, twice as much torque is needed for the final 15 degrees of extension compared to that which is required to get to that point from full flexion, and the patella helps achieve this by increasing the moment arm during extension. ĭuring extension from a fully flexed position, the patella initially serves primarily as a link between the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament, allowing the quadriceps to generate torque on the tibia. The force required for knee extension (torque) is directly dependent on the moment arm of the knee joint, the perpendicular distance between the patellar ligament and the axis of rotation at the knee. In physics, a moment refers to the tendency of a force to cause rotation of an object around a specific point or axis it is equal to the product of a force and its moment arm, the perpendicular distance from the line of action of that force to the axis of rotation. ![]() The patella primarily functions to improve quadriceps efficiency by acting as a fulcrum to increase the moment arm of the extensor mechanism of the knee. The patellar ligament envelopes the inferior third of the patella and attaches the bone to the tibial tuberosity. ![]() The individual tendons of the muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris coalesce at their attachment points and continue superficially over the anterior surface of the patella to form the deep fascia, which adheres to the bone. The superior third of patella acts as the attachment point for the tendinous fibers of the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius of the quadriceps, while the vastus medialis and lateralis attach on the medial and lateral borders of the patella respectively. The patella is located deep to the fascia lata and fibers of the rectus femoris tendon anterior to the knee joint. ![]()
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